Daily Preparedness

One of the most common medical errors that can lead to serious illness or even death is one that you can help prevent. Approximately 1.3 million Americans are injured annually due to errors in the administration of medications. Though many of these errors occur in hospital settings, many occur in our own homes. The vast majority of these errors can be prevented by YOU and those you love. What can you do to protect yourself?

1. Know that the elderly and chronically ill are the most likely to be victims of medication errors. Both groups are most likely to have a larger than average number of prescription medications prescribed for them.

2. Children may be at a higher risk because their smaller body size makes it more likely that a dosing or drug interaction error will cause serious harm or death.

3. FULLY UNDERSTAND that medication errors can be fatal.

4. When prescribed a medication, be certain that the doctor explains why you are being prescribed this medication, what the medication should do for you, what the side effects are and how you should take the medication. For instance, should it be taken with meals, before a meal, at bedtime, etc.

5. Always provide every health care professional (including the pharmacist) with a complete list of ALL prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, supplements, herbal products, homeopathic remedies and vitamins that you take. Include the name of the medication, the dosage, how long you have been taking it and the medication’s use.

6. Understand that there is limited, peer-reviewed science based research into the interaction of herbal products, supplements and homepathic remedies. Most of these substances are NOT tested by independent peer-reviewed research nor their quality and potency regulated. Be certain that you fully research any ‘natural’ product that is recommended to you. Many of these products are the ‘natural’ version of powerful prescription medications. For instance, foxglove is merely natural digitalis, which can alter heart rhythms. Echinacea can lead to permanent liver damage, especially if used in combination with other medications/supplements. Prescription medications can interact with a wide range of products and there is, again, limited knowledge as to the interaction of prescription (or over-the-counter medications) and ‘alternative therapies’. Even simple vitamins can lead to overdoses and drug interactions.

7. Before taking a new medication, know how the drug is supposed to help you and all possible side effects.

8. Know what your medications look like. If you receive a new prescription and the medication looks different, do not take it until you speak with a pharmacist. Preferably, the pharmacy will have alerted you to a change in the appearance of your medication.

9. If hospitalized, ask what each medication you are being given is and what it is for. Competent staff will tell you the name of the medication before giving it to you. If they do not, be extra cautious. Again, if the medication looks different than what you normally see, ask!! Know what the dosage prescribed is. If something seems ‘off’, stop and ask to speak to a supervisor. My daughter was nearly killed in a hospital when a nurse attempted to administer 100 times the prescribed dose of a pain killer. The nurse had ‘misread’ where the decimal point was.

10. If the dosage and frequency of taking a medication is different than your physician told you, ASK questions!

11. Be certain that you are taking your medications exactly as prescribed. Regularly review the instructions on your prescription bottles!

12. If you take multiple medications, or care for someone who does, consider using a medication minder container. Many types are available at a variety of price points. These specially designed containers can be a great help in being certain that you are taking your medications as prescribed. This is vitally important for the elderly or anyone who may have memory issues.

13. Periodically review with your physician the medications you are taking. Each office visit should include a review of your medication, including when you need a new prescription written. Again, the elderly are most likely to have too many medications prescribed for them, often creating secondary problems. If a new symptom appears, ask the pharmacist if this could be a reaction to a medication.

14. When prescribed a medication, ask if there is a generic alternative which may save you money. Often, prescribers will merely write for the newest medication when an older, proven medication may work just as well. Also ask if there is an alternative to medication. Could you achieve the same results through lifestyle or diet changes?

15. Choose carefully and use one pharmacy for all of your prescriptions. Some points to consider when choosing a pharmacy:

• Is there a pharmacist available to answer all of your questions?
• Know the role of pharmacy technicians. Though they may perform many tasks within a pharmacy, including accepting prescriptions from you, they should not be answering questions about your medication’s interactions, uses and side effects.
• Does the pharmacist have time to talk to you in person or on the phone? If not, they may be over-worked which leads to more errors. Some pharmacies evaluate pharmacists on the number or prescriptions they fill per hour, not the number of customers they serve.
• Does the pharmacist answer your questions about drug interactions? If you are on medications for serious pain, heart problems, liver disease or kidney disease (or other serious long-term illnesses), be certain that you ask the pharmacist before taking over-the-counter, herbal or supplement preparations. Pharmacists should be able to answer your questions, with the exception of some herbal & ‘natural’ remedies that have not been well researched.
• Is the pharmacy efficient? Are prescriptions filled when they say they will be? An efficient pharmacy should be able to estimate when your prescription will be ready and alert you to possible delays. If they are chronically misrepresenting the time it will take to fill a prescription, they may be over-worked, under-staffed and more prone to errors.
• Can you understand the pharmacist? You should be able to freely communicate with this important member of your health care team!
• Be certain that the pharmacy has up-to-date software that warns of drug interactions, low/high dose alerts, LASA error checking (Look alike/sound alike) and patient allergies. Be certain that the pharmacist is aware of your drug and food allergies. Some food allergies can significantly impact the medications you can be prescribed.
• Is the pharmacy concerned with your privacy? Pharmacy staff should never announce the medication they are filling for you in a way that others might over hear.
• Does the pharmacy alert you when the appearance of your medication has changed?
• Does the pharmacy provide you with an information sheet that describes the appearance of your medication, possible side effects and uses of the medication?
• Does your pharmacy communicate efficiently with your physician’s office? Some communication errors are due to delays in the doctor’s office, but pharmacy staff should be able to up date you on their progress.
• Does your pharmacist relay information to you effectively? If they say they will get back to you, do they? Do they call you if there is a problem with a refill?
• Will your pharmacist attempt to answer your questions with research? We have had multiple times where a great pharmacist will go to extraordinary lengths to be certain that a medication is safe. This has included the pharmacist calling the pharmaceutical company for further information. This type of dedication can, literally, safe your life and you SHOULD EXPECT IT!
• Remember that the pharmacist is your safe guard when it comes to medications! They should have the most up-to-date and effective means by which you can be protected from possible allergic reactions or drug interactions. They are the trained professional when it comes to medication management!

16. Keep your medication information confidential and safe. Remove prescription labels from empty bottles before discarding. Likewise, shred information sheets or other paperwork that details what medications are in your home. Do not discuss publicly or post online medications you take. Theft of prescription drugs is on the rise.

17. Teach your children to never take medication (again, including ‘natural’ products) from someone other than you or a licensed health care professional.

18. Discard of out dated medications safely. Be especially vigilant about medications you may not take regularly, such as epi-pens or inhalers. Check their expiration date and get refills when needed.

19. Store your medicaitons safely. Know if the medication needs to be refrigerated. In general, most medications need to be protected from moisture, light and extremes in temperature.

20. Don’t run out! Be certain to carry vital medications with you and refill your prescriptions BEFORE you run out. Most insurers will allow you to refill a prescription seven days prior to the day you will run out.

21. KEEP YOUR MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE HANDS OF CHILDREN! Keep all medications, including vitamins, away from children. Be certain that visitors to your home safe guard any medication they have. Many children suffer overdoses while exploring Grandma’s luggage or purse.

Though there are many medical errors we cannot prevent, medication errors can often be prevented through our own vigilance, common sense and just a bit of time. Be wise, be cautious and be healthy!

If any of you are like me, Christmas stocking stuffing can be an expensive and often frustrating part of Christmas cheer.  You can spend a great deal of money for little ‘doo-dads’ that are often forgotten too quickly. Instead of meaningless dribble, consider stuffing those pesky stockings with useful items for your 72-hour kit (or Bug Out Bags as some folks call them). These items need not be boring or too terribly practical–make them fun by personalizing them, adding some glitz or mixing in with non-essential items. These ideas also translate well into the small daily gifts of Advent calendars or Hanukkah celebrations. Some ideas to think about include:

• Small flashlights for each bedroom. The best ones have a lanyard or other string attached so that they can hang from a bedpost, out of sight. Find ones in bright, fun colors or the small ultra-bright LED flashlights. There are even ones that you can bend!

• Batteries for those electronic gadgets & flashlights. Consider rechargeable batteries so that you can quit buying batteries every few weeks.

• Waterproof matches and container

• Swiss army knife –there is one available that is the size of a credit card and holds all sorts of cool stuff. Again, they come in lots of bright, fun colors.

• Screwdriver set–a mini set is a great thing to have in each car as well as your 72-hour kit

• Compass or a combination whistle and compass device

• Reflective mirror

• Small toiletries, including a disposable razer, travel sized toothbrush and tooth paste, small soap, shampoo and lotion. Check out the travel section at your local discount store for other items.

• ‘Space’ emergency blanket

• Folding cup

• Camp utensil set and/or ‘mess kit’

• Pocket size survival and/or first aid guide

• Rain poncho

• Hand and/or foot warmers

• Key chain whistle and/or flashlight

• Thermal socks and/or wool mittens/gloves

• A wool ‘watch’ cap–the type used by the military is warm, water repellent and folds compactly.

• Small first aid kit

• Small, purse sized holder for band-aids

• Mini battery operated alarm clock

• Headlamp style flashlight

• ‘Power’ bars

• 100 hour candle

• Water purifying tablets or ’sani straw’ device

• Long shelf life boxed water

• Pocket-sized package of toilet paper and tissues. Some of the dollar stores have them in fun wrappers such as Hello Kitty.

• A Bowie knife with sheath

• Flint and steel

• Small knife sharpener

• Mini first aid primer–check with your local Red Cross or County Extension office for free ones

• CPR mouth shield

• Small card games or other sources of entertainment such as Sudoku books

• Mini sewing kit–you can easily assemble one in an old prescription bottle (be sure to wash it out) or empty 35mm film canister. Include several sharp needles, thread, thread clipper, buttons, a snap and several safety pins

• Travel sized hand sanitizer, hand wipes and disinfectant spray

• Jumper cables

• Small size roll of duct tape. Look for bright colors or fun prints.

• Small roll of heavy twine or rope

You might also consider making mini-kits for each car, the office or your college-bound student.

Check out the camping aisles and see what little goodies might be interesting and helpful. You never know what you might find! You may also find that hunting gear and summer sports equipment is on the clearance rack.

And be sure to save all of that excess hard candy you and your family receive during the holidays. Seal it up tight in a ziploc bag, food saver bag or other air tight container to add to your long-term storage and 72-hour kits.

In recognition of National Preparedness Month here in the U.S. (the rest of the world is welcome to join), it is time for a challenge! You can do it! With just over 100 days left in 2009, it is time to buckle down, dedicate yourself and set aside just 10 minutes or less per day. Yes, in less than 10 minutes a day and nearly no money at all, you can improve your preparedness status by leaps and bounds.

The extra days in 2009 can be set aside for holidays, vacations or, even better, utilized to do a more-than-ten-minute job. However you use the days, use them well!

Ready? Set? Go! Here it is, the first installment of 100 things you can do in 10 minutes or less:

1. Program your cell phone phone book with the word ICE (stands for In Case of Emergency). Under that listing, include the name & phone numbers for the person you want to have contacted first in case of an emergency. First Responders and ER personnel know to check your cell phone for this listing.

2. Check your car’s glove compartment and be certain that you have a current registration, inspection receipt, insurance card and insurance contact information.

3. Write down all of your family’s prescription drugs, their RX number, refill date, name of medicine, instructions and the pharmacy phone number. Make a copy for your 72-hour kit.

4. Write out a card for each child’s car restraint seat. Include child’s name, your contact info, another relative’s contact information, child’s pediatrician and important medical history. Attach to the bottom or back right rear of the seat.

5. Schedule your yearly health maintenance check-ups such as mammograms, pap smears, physical exams and immunization review.

6. Place water leak alarms near washing machine, hot water heater and any other area likely to suffer a leak.

7. Wash the dryer lint trap under hot water until water runs freely.

8. Check the tire pressure and tread depth on your tires.

9. Clean out your medicine cabinet and dispose of out-dated medications.

10. Test your smoke detectors & change batteries as needed.

11. Set up a spot for your perpetual grocery list. Let your family know where it is!

12. Photocopy your credit cards & ID. Place copy in your “What If?” Notebook.

13. Check the outside dryer vent. Be certain that vent flaps open freely. Remove any visible lint.

14. Clean the inside of your car windshield. “Stuff” gathers on the inside of the windshield and can cause complete ‘white out’ when you are driving towards the sun.

15. Clean one pantry shelf. Move older food to the front.

16. Write down neighbor’s phone number, doctor’s phone numbers, family contact numbers and place inside a cabinet near the phone.

17. Add at least one long-term storage food to your grocery list. Consider rice, dry beans, sugar, oatmeal.

18. Check outside lights. Replace burned out bulbs.

19. Check your supply of flashlights. Do they work? Do you have batteries for them? One for each room of your house?

20. Clean the trash out of your car.

21. Cook a double entree and freeze the extra one.

22. Make a list of everyone you plan to purchase Christmas gifts for.

23. Pick up Christmas Cards at a discounter or dollar store before the inexpensive ones are sold out.

24. Replace filters in your HVAC system. Write the date you replaced it on the filter. Mark your calendar for the next change date.

25. See what Christmas gifts you may already have on hand. Plan which ones you are going to make.

26. Do a quick comparison of current prices for internet providers. Do you need to change?

27. Clean out one kitchen drawer.

28. Have little ones at home or due to visit? Check childproofing & poison control.

29. Check 401K & pension plan balances. Do you need to save more for retirement?

30. Purchase at least one item for long-term storage.

31. Treat sink & tub drains with baking soda and vinegar.

32. Check children’s toys. Throw out broken ones.

33. Set budget for holiday gift giving. Do you need to save some money?

34. Check nightlights. Do they illuminate areas that need light? Do they work?

35. Find a backpack, tote or other container that can store items in your car.

36. Add jumper cables to your car pack

37. Put some bottled water in your car pack.

38. Put some long-term food such as granola bars in your car pack.

39. Put several ’space’ blankets or wool blankets in your car pack.

40. Add some matches and a candle to your car pack. Pack candle in an empty vegetable can and cover top with aluminum foil.

41. Add an all-in-one screwdriver to your car pack.

42. Add an ‘emergency’ flag to your car pack. This can simply be a piece of bright orange or red fabric.

43. Add a first aid kit to your car pack.

44. Stick a set of fuses in your car pack.

45. Put a flashlight in your car pack. Package the batteries outside of the flashlight.

46. Add a flare to your car pack.

47. Add a can of Fix-a-flat to your car pack.

48. Check your spare tire & tire iron.

49. Check the fluid levels in your car.

50. Put some paper and a pen in your glove compartment.

51. Check your gutters to see if they are running well.

52. Look at your roof from across the street. Does it look solid?

53. Add your doctor’s voice & fax numbers to your cell phone directory.

54. Add a worthwhile item to your 72-hour kit.

55. Grab some 3×5 cards. Write out personal information for each person & add to 72-hour kit. Include out of state contacts, medical information, etc.

56. Check the caulk around the doors and windows of your home. Note which ones need repair.

57. Add some cash and quarters to your glove compartment. An empty prescription bottle or tube from mini-M&M’s work well.

58. Check outdoor walkways. Are they clear? Free from tripping hazards? Cracks?

59. Add one item to your food storage.

60. Gather up your candles and see if you have enough to provide some light for 7-days. Store some matches (more than you think you need) with the candles.

61. Refill BBQ propane tanks if you have them.

62. Clean one pantry shelf. Move older food to the front.

63. Clean out your refrigerator. Discard old food and mark food that needs to be eaten up.

64. Do you need to have your chimney cleaned?

65. Read about one way to cook food without power. Order or gather supplies you would need.

66. Program your pharmacy’s phone number into your cell phone.

67. Check your computer’s firewall and anti-virus strength.

68. Do a quick comparison of auto insurance rates and coverage.

69. Set aside ingredients for a ‘no time to cook’ dinner.

70. Add one item to your two week supply of food that you could eat without cooking.

71. Store some water.

72. Plan holiday meals. Watch for ingredients to go on sale. Don’t forget potluck dinners, treats for neighbors, etc.

73. Do you need to have your furnace checked?

74. Check appliances for frayed cords.

75. Do you have de-icer in your windshield washer fluid?

76. Ice scrapers in each car….unless you live where it never gets cold!

77. Clean out one pantry shelf. Discard out of date food. Move older food to the front.

78. Try a new recipe that utilizes at least two items from your long-term storage.

79. Check supply of over-the-counter medicines such as antihistamines, antidiarrheal, pain killers & anti-inflammatories.

80. Check the caulk around tubs, showers and toilets. Repair or replace as needed.

81. Check your credit cards? Current? Do you have too many?

82. Check your credit report for errors.

83. Be certain your are shredding documents with personal information such as insurance numbers, birthdates, account numbers, social security numbers.

84. Google your name to make sure someone is using it online or writing about you in an unfavorable way.

85. Buy or obtain a free (try freecycle) transistor am/fm radio.

86. Clean out one closet.

87. Add one item to your food storage.

88. Check your doors and windows for air leaks.

89. Make certain that shrubbery around your house does not obscure windows. (burglars love it when they can hide behind a bush while they break your window)

90. Make a place for end of year tax information.

91. Try a recipe utilizing one or two items from your long-term storage.

92. Check your cell phone contract. If out of contract, compare rates.

93. Add a small flashlight to your glove compartment.

94. Check cash supply at home. Be certain you have bills in $20 or less denominations

95. Mail holiday gifts early to avoid paying express shipping charges.

96. Do you need de-icer for walk ways and driveway?

97. Collect loose change and establish place to store it.

98. Add one item to your 2 week supply of foods you could eat without cooking.

99. Add one item to your 72-hour kit.

100. Cook a double entree and freeze the extra!

See, you can do this!!! It is inexpensive, fast and all things YOU can do with little time and money.

Don’t worry, we’ll remind you periodically. Now, get to it! And good luck.

Before you know it, the school bell will be ringing from kindergarten to the hallowed halls of advanced degrees. As summer winds down, it is time to once again set those alarm clocks, pack the lunches, fill up the backpacks and send the children off to school (or prepare for your homeschooling year).

No matter the grade or age of your learner, starting early and planning well can help make the school year a successful one for you and your student-children. Just a few pointers to help ease the transition:

1. Reset body clocks several weeks before school starts. If your summer schedule has included later-than-usual bedtimes and wake-up times, now is the time to reset those internal clocks. Begin with a few minutes each day, working toward a regular school schedule at least a week before school begins.

2. Do your back-to-school shopping NOW (if you haven’t already completed it). Be certain to get your supply lists from school and shop at home FIRST. You might be surprised how many supplies you have on hand. Take your amended list to the store and check off items as you purchase them. Label everything and pack away (far, far away if you have anxious little fingers around) so that all is ready before school begins.

3. Shop at home first for school clothes. Get the laundry caught up and see what junior already has in his/her wardrobe BEFORE you go shopping. Set a strict budget and shop the end-of-summer sales for fall clothing. Don’t forget to check sibling hand-me-downs as a potential source of clothing. Also check with friends, thrift shops, freecycle and Craigslist for clothing exchanges & great deals.

4. Include in every backpack an emergency contact card that includes your child’s name, address, phone, parents’ contact info, alternate contact person, important medical history (allergies, conditions, etc) and out-of-state contact. Laminate the card or seal in a ziploc bag. Attach to the inside of the backpack with a safety pin.

5. Label backpacks on the inside with your child’s name—not the outside. Outside names help predators befriend small children.

6. If your child has severe allergies to items that might be in the class or lunch rooms (such as peanuts, wheat, etc) be certain to speak with the school administration, school nurse and all classroom teachers that might have contact with your child (don’t forget art, music, etc). Speak face-to-face as well as present written information about the allergy, the possible reaction and medication that must be given. Don’t hesitate to check back with all you spoke to in a week or two to make certain that they remember. Ask what has been done to protect your child.

7. Do several ‘trial runs’ to elementary school with your child. If they are walking, point out the homes of friends on their route that they can seek help from. Be certain they know who to go to if they should ever come home and find no one home. The same thing goes for after school caregivers..make sure they have an emergency alternative planned.

8. Check to see what the school’s policy is concerning early dismissal or delayed starts. Do they have an emergency contact system in place that you can sign up for? Do you have childcare arranged for such instances?

9. Be certain that your older children (middle school & high school) are well versed in preventing accidents, how to extract themselves from a dangerous situation and who to report suspected or potential violence to. Have a frank discussion with them about the dangers of fire arms, weapons, drugs, hate crimes, sexual abuse and harassment (including being groped, spoken to inappropriately, etc), physical threats and abuse. Sexual abuse and harassment have become so common, that a shockingly high percentage of high school girls do not even recognize it when it happens to them,

10. Have the same frank discussion with college-bound students. Be certain that they are aware of safety precautions, the dangers of date rape, the potential for drugging of beverages (at a party or other social gathering, they should only drink from a can or bottle they open and which remains in their sight at all times), car safety and dorm safety. Know what safety procedures are in place at your child’s college campus and be certain they your student understands them.

11. Be certain that your middle and high school students understand that the effort they put into school now will affect the remainder of their life. The grades and activities they participate in now will affect their ability to be accepted to college & possibly win scholarships.

12. Establish good sleeping and eating habits for your students! Many high school students are chronically sleep deprived and their grades suffer. Look carefully at school lunches offered. Are the meals nutritious, healthful and handled carefully? If you are packing lunches, be certain to read up on safe food handling practices.

13. Be open and realistic about your expectations for your children’s academic endeavors. Be certain the child undeerstands what you expect and the consequences if they do not meet those expectations.

14. Have a frank discussion with your college-bound students about the realities of student debt. The average undergraduate leaves college with a diploma and $25,000 to $45,000 in debt. Advanced degree holders leave with debts that spiral upwards of $100,000. Be certain that your college student understands the full picture of the dangers of accruing not only student loan debt, but credit card debt. There are thousands and thousands of stories out there of college graduates with unmarketable degrees and a lifetime of debt to pay back. Explore other avenues of financing college, such as scholarships, work study programs, community college for general education credits, work-release programs and payback options through employers. If student loans are an absolute necessity, be sure that they are used only for absolutely necessary educational expenses. Be certain that the student understands that debt accumulated now will not disappear and should they marry, they may be doubling their debt.

15. Send your college student to the dorm with a mini-72 hour kit. Include foods that can be eaten without cooking, a change of clothing, emergency contact info, water, a first aid kit, a ’space’ blanket, a flashlight, a candle, a simple sewing kit, some cash in small bills and some matches.

16. Before college begins, check to see if your student is covered by your medical and dental plans. Be sure that your student has the appropriate policy identification cards and knows where to get care. If your child has a less-than-run-of-the-mill medical history, locate a physician in the college area and forward pertinent medical information.

17. Be certain that your college-bound student understands the realities of and how to prevent identity theft, including medical identity theft.

Enjoy watching your child grow up and conquer the world!

NOTE: While writing this article, I missed some VERY important information. Thankfully, Tami sent in a comment reminding me with her words of wisdom. Here is her comment:

“I just want to add to your note about preparing for college students–parents need to know that when their child heads off to college, there are privacy laws that apply to their child, and the parents do not have the legal right to get any information about grades or anything else. Also the parents do not have the right to be notified about any medical issues and do not have the right to be involved in any medical decisions. This can all be addressed legally, with medical power of attorney and other legal documents, but it’s something that all parents need to be aware of and discuss with their almost-grown children.”

And from me:

Thank you, Tami for pointing out this important item I missed! You are absolutely correct that parents (even ones paying the tuition bill) will have NO legal right to obtain information about their legal-aged child’s school or medical records. Even if your child is ill, the physician is constrained by law. He/she cannot discuss your child’s case or history without (except for possibly life & death situations) your child’s consent. Before dropping Junior off, have him/her execute a medical power of attorney which gives you permission to speak to caregivers. You can easily find a ‘fill in the blank’ form online by searching for medical power of attorney. Ideally, the form will be notarized and include express permission in compliance with HIPPA laws allowing you to speak to any medical professional caring for your child. A similar form should be completed with regards to academic records, etc. Thanks again, Tami!

It is that time of year—Jack Frost is on a rampage bringing with him snowstorms, ice, and colder temperatures. Winter time brings with it special preparedness considerations, which may not only keep your more comfortable but prevent injuries, illness and even death.

Our friends at FEMA suggest the following ways to prepare yourself NOW: (I’ve added a few extra tips to FEMA’s—the most important one being that if a storm is announced STAY HOME!!)

Add the following supplies to your disaster supplies kit:

• Rock salt to melt ice on walkways
• Sand to improve traction
• Snow shovels and other snow removal equipment.

Prepare your home and family

• Prepare for possible isolation in your home by having sufficient heating fuel; regular fuel sources may be cut off. For example, store a good supply of dry, seasoned wood for your fireplace or wood-burning stove. (Don’t forget your food, medical and hygiene needs! Store medication, candles, water, batteries, flashlights and all of those other things we have talked about. Make certain your children know where to go if they are sent home early and you aren’t home. This is also true of children that go to a caregiver’s home—does the caregiver have an alternate safe place for them to go?)
• Winterize your home to extend the life of your fuel supply by insulating walls and attics, caulking and weather-stripping doors and windows, and installing storm windows or covering windows with plastic. Have your gutters cleaned so that melting snow has a place to go.
• Winterize your house, barn, shed or any other structure that may provide shelter for your family, neighbors, livestock or equipment. Clear rain gutters; repair roof leaks and cut away tree branches that could fall on a house or other structure during a storm.
• Insulate pipes with insulation or newspapers and plastic and allow faucets to drip a little during cold weather to avoid freezing.
• Keep fire extinguishers on hand, and make sure everyone in your house knows how to use them. House fires pose an additional risk, as more people turn to alternate heating sources without taking the necessary safety precautions.
• Learn how to shut off water valves (in case a pipe bursts).
• Know ahead of time what you should do to help elderly or disabled friends, neighbors or employees.
• Hire a contractor to check the structural ability of the roof to sustain unusually heavy weight from the accumulation of snow - or water, if drains on flat roofs do not work.

• Prepare to have a ‘warm room’. If you lose power and thus heat, is there a room in your home that has an alternate heat source adequate for that room? Think through which room would work best, how you can isolate that room and what you would need to be safe and comfortable in that room.

Prepare your car

• Check or have a mechanic check the following items on your car:
  • Antifreeze levels - ensure they are sufficient to avoid freezing.
  • Battery and ignition system - should be in top condition and battery terminals should be clean.
  • Brakes - check for wear and fluid levels.
  • Exhaust system - check for leaks and crimped pipes andrepair or replace as necessary. Carbon monoxide is deadly and usually gives no warning.
  • Fuel and air filters - replace and keep water out of the system by using additives and maintaining a full tank of gas.
  • Heater and defroster - ensure they work properly.
  • Lights and flashing hazard lights - check for serviceability.
  • Oil - check for level and weight. Heavier oils congeal more at low temperatures and do not lubricate as well.
  • Thermostat - ensure it works properly.
  • Windshield wiper equipment - repair any problems and maintain proper washer fluid level.
• Install good winter tires. Make sure the tires have adequate tread. All-weather radials are usually adequate for most winter conditions. However, some jurisdictions require that to drive on their roads, vehicles must be equipped with chains or snow tires with studs.
• Maintain at least a half tank of gas during the winter season.
• Drive cautiously. No matter how excellent your driving skills are, others around you may not be as attentive or as skilled. Drive defensively, stay off the cell phone and pay attention!
• Place a winter emergency kit in each car that includes:
  • a shovel
  • windshield scraper and small broom
  • flashlight
  • battery powered radio
  • extra batteries
  • water
  • snack food
  • matches
  • extra hats, socks and mittens
  • First aid kit with pocket knife
  • Necessary medications
  • blanket(s)
  • tow chain or rope
  • road salt and sand
  • booster cables
  • emergency flares
  • fluorescent distress flag

Dress for the Weather (You might consider storing a spare hat & mittens in each child’s school backpack)

• Wear several layers of loose fitting, lightweight, warm clothing rather than one layer of heavy clothing. The outer garments should be tightly woven and water repellent.
• Wear mittens, which are warmer than gloves.
• Wear a hat.  The majority of heat loss occurs through your head!
  
• Cover your mouth with a scarf to protect your lungs.

Listen Up!

• Pay attention to weather alerts, local news and consider signing up for any of the ‘instant’ alert systems your local jurisdiction offers.

• Heed warnings about staying home, avoiding certain roads, etc.

Stay Well

• Avoid sick people. Winter is also flu season, cold season and increased infection season.
• Wash your hands. Washing hands is the number one way to prevent the spread of illness. Wash your hands diligently before you eat, after using anything in a bathroom, when you get home and before, during and after preparing food.
• Stay hydrated. Though you may not feel as thirsty during cold weather months, your body may actually require more fluid than other times. Drink plenty of water every day!
• Eat well. Eat a variety of foods that are safely prepared!
• Maintain an exercise schedule. Climb the stairs at work, do vigorous house cleaning, visit an indoor pool–whatever you do, keep moving.
• Be cautious. Be very careful walking on slippery surfaces. Ice is incredibly hard and will break your body if you aren’t careful. If you must walk on the ice, consider investing in bands that you can attach to your shoes that aid in traction.
• Clear your sidewalks and porches. As soon as possible after a storm, clear your driveway, sidewalk and porch. If you are not healthy enough to do this safely, hire someone to do it for you.

Take just a little bit of time to prepare and you’ll find yourself laughing in the face of that bad old Jack Frost!

It is definitely the time of year when even certified ‘Hate To Shop-phobics’ find themselves heading to the mall, super store or to an online merchant to find the perfect gift for everyone on their list. Also heading to all of those locations are those who find their Christmas cheer by stealing yours (along with your wallet, money, ID, purchases & possibly your physical well being)! Thieves, pickpockets, scam artists and other unsavory sorts prey on all of those harried, distracted and thoughtful shoppers. Before you head out to shop, remember these tips gathered from multiple safety sites:

‘Brick and Mortar Stores’

1. Leave the purse at home or locked in the car. No matter how cute it is, a purse increases your chances of meeting one of those stealing, purse-snatching grinches. Should you meet one, relinquish your purse. There is NOTHING in there worth dying for. Report incident to the police and immediately cancel all credit cards that were stolen. Replace your driver’s license and be extra cautious at home.

2. Keep your valuables in your pockets—preferably the front pockets of your pants. Spread your cash (a moderate amount), one credit card and your ID into multiple pockets.

3. Have a cell phone handy at all times.

4. Shop during daylight hours. If you must shop at night, always shop with a companion (and small children don’t count as companions). At night, park only in lots that have adequate lighting.

5. Never hesitate to ask for a Public Safety escort to your car. All shopping centers, reputable stores and malls have them available.

6. Do not allow yourself to become over burdened with packages which limit your ability to see, move or be aware of your surroundings.

7. Always lock your car – when you are in it and out of it.

8. Have your keys ready before you leave the store.

9. Make certain no one is hiding in your car before you enter. The best way to do this is to approach it from the back as though you are going to walk past your car to another one. Look in each window as you pass. Only place your key in the door when you are certain the car is empty.

10. Stay alert to your surroundings. If you feel uncomfortable, seek out assistance immediately! Be aware that con artists use a multitude of tactics to distract you so that you can be more easily robbed. Some thieves work in pairs, with one distracting you and the other robbing you.

11. Wherever possible, shop at stores that allow you to run your credit card through the reader yourself. If you must hand over your credit card, watch as it is processed. There are few merchants that still use carbon copies, but if a small business does, take the carbons with you.

12. Do not keep packages in plain view in your car. Lock in the trunk.

13. Use ATMs in secure locations. Do not count cash in open view. If anyone is lurking near the ATM, either on foot or in a car, move onto to another one. Better yet, prepare now – get the cash you will need and store it at home in a safe location.

14. Make sure that you have a record of all credit cards, their numbers and the phone number to call if one is lost. Keep this at home in your ‘What If’ notebook.

15. Dress casually and comfortably. Avoid wearing expensive jewelry.

16. If at all possible, shop without small children during the busiest shopping times. If you must bring a small child with you, be aware that they are a built-in distraction as well as a safety hazard. Keep your child with you AT ALL times. Remember to strap them into the stroller or shopping cart. Put identifying information into one of their pockets (refer to the CHAD posting) just in case they become separated from you. Be certain to teach your child to look for a store employee or a ‘Grandma’ if they get lost. Many young children simply hide if lost and don’t know who to go to for help.

Online Merchants:

1. Only purchase from sites that display https in the web address, have the closed lock or unbroken key to signify a secure website. If the lock is displayed as open or the key broken, the site is compromised.

2. Do not respond to emails from PayPal, your bank, your credit card company, mortgage company, eBay, Amazon or any other merchant that asks you to click on a portion of the email (a hyperlink) to reinstate your account, up date your information or asks for your log in information. If you think the email may be legitimate, close the email, log out of the email program and then go to the web address that you have used previously for that merchant. DO NOT USE THE WEB ADDRESS given in the email. Look for the link to the company’s fraud department and report the email you have received. Many companies can also accept forwarded emails to, for instance, ‘spoof@paypal.com’ or ‘spoof@ebay.com’. The company will then research the email.

3. Only provide credit card or bank information through a secured website. Do not include the information in an email.

4. Be very aware that the incidence of fraud, abuse, etc. increases greatly during the holidays. Ebay has its highest rate of seller fraud during the holidays. Only purchase items from sellers with a good track rating and preferably ones that will accept credit cards through PayPal. You are much safer using an established merchant such as Amazon (though not necessarily a private seller that advertises through Amazon) or the online version of brick and mortar stores (such as target.com or toysrus.com) than purchasing items through an auction.

5. Be certain that you are aware of return policies before purchasing. Brick and mortar stores will often accept returns from their internet counterparts.

6. Immediately report any suspected case of fraud to the company and to your local police department.

No matter where you shop, shop smartly. Keep track of your purchases and be certain to carefully check your credit card and bank statements.

Happy shopping!!

For many people, decorating the Christmas tree is a favorite part of the holiday. The National Safety Council (with a few I added for good measure) offers some safety tips to make sure a mishap doesn’t spoil your holiday season.

Christmas Trees

• A real tree can add to the spirit of Christmas by filling your home with beauty and the scent of pine. But a real tree can also pose a fire hazard. Each year, more than 400 residential fires involve Christmas trees and tragically nearly 40 deaths and 100 injuries result from those fires.
• Try to select a fresh tree by looking for one that is green. The needles of pines and spruces should bend and not break and should be hard to pull off the branches. On fir species, a needle pulled from a fresh tree will snap when bent, much like a fresh carrot. Also, look for a trunk sticky with sap.
• Cut off about two inches of the trunk and put the tree in a sturdy, water-holding stand. Keep the stand filled with water so the tree does not dry out quickly.
• Stand your tree away from fireplaces, radiators and other heat sources. Make sure the tree does not block foot traffic or doorways.
• If you use an artificial tree, choose one that tested and labeled as fire resistant. Artificial trees with built-in electrical systems should have the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) label.

Tree lights

• Only use indoor lights indoors (and outdoor lights only outdoors). Look for the UL label. Check lights for broken or cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires, or loose connections. Replace or repair any damaged light sets.
• Also, use no more than three light sets on any one extension cord. Extension cords should be placed against the wall to avoid tripping hazards, but do not run cords under rugs.
• Turn off all lights on trees and decorations when you go to bed or leave the house.
• Consider placing a fire extinguisher near the tree ‘just in case’.
• Tree ornaments

• Always use the proper step stool or ladder to reach high places.
• Read labels before you use materials that come in jars, cans and spray cans.
• Never place lighted candles on a tree or near any flammable materials.
• Avoid placing breakable tree ornaments or ones with small, detachable parts on lower branches where small children or pets can reach them.
• Do not hang popcorn chains and candy canes on the tree when small children are present. They may think that other tree ornaments are also edible.
• Be cautious and considerate of your animals, too!
• Gifts
• Do not place tree in front of un-covered window. Keep curtains closed at night so that ‘outside eyes’ cannot spy the loot under your tree
• Be certain that wrapping paper and ribbons are not entangled with extension cords
• On Christmas morning, have several trash receptacles ready for the wrapping paper and ribbons.
• Be cautious about burning wrapping paper in the fire place. Much of it contains components that can spark, ‘explode’ or produce noxious fumes. The better bet is to place it all in the recycling bin.
• Be careful to protect pets from ribbons and paper. The papers can contain toxic substances for the little critters and they can become entangled (even choked) by loose ribbons.
• For re-usable wrapping, consider making or purchasing simple fabric bags that can be re-used year after year.
• Keep all of your receipts not only for returns but to protect yourself against credit card fraud. Carefully scrutinize your January credit card statement.
• Also remember that chocolate and other common Christmas treats are, in general, not good for your pets.

Enjoy a safe, happy, and well-prepared holiday season!

The pumpkins are being carved and right next to the row of Halloween costumes are Christmas ornaments!  Yes, it is that time of the year when budgets, bodies and emotions can all come crashing down from the weight of Holiday-mania!  Preparing  (a recurring theme here) ahead, a bit of planning and a good dose of self-control can yield a holiday season with more happy memories than post-holiday mania.  Try these time, energy, emotion and money saving tips this year:

1. Establish a firm budget for gifts and all of the ‘extras’ that come with the holidays. Think about your previous year’s commitments, activities and expectations as a spring board for remembering everything you will need to buy!  In addition to gifts, remember food, clothing, transportation, postage, events, wrapping paper (unless you were clever enough to get it last year at 90% off)–all of those extras that add up to financial stress.

2. Make a list of everyone you would like to give a gift to. In addition to family members, don’t forget teachers, leaders, visiting teaching, home teachers, coaches, neighbors, children’s friends, co-workers and family members. A ‘standardized’ gift for teachers, etc. is often helpful and avoids last minute confusion. Teachers in particular often appreciate note cards or small consumable gifts. Consider having one or two extra small gifts on hand for hostess gifts or surprise gift giving opportunities.  Were you clever enough to purchase items at after-holiday sales last year???  Do an inventory of what you have on hand before you step one foot in a store! Assign items you find to specific individuals on your list, wrap and label.  Mark them off your list and smile at your savings, cleverness and organizational skills.  You are amazing!

3. Decide how much you would like to spend on each of these gifts. Can you make some of them? Would a nice note suffice? Can you really easily afford the total cost?

4. Check your address books to establish how many Christmas cards you need to send. Are you going to include photos? Don’t forget the cost of stamps. Can you reduce the number by sending e-cards to your tech savvy friends?  Or post the photos on line and give your friends the url–no cost to you!  Don’t forget the dollar store as a resource for inexpensive cards.

5. Stop by the dollar store & check Target’s ‘dollar spot’ for these items before they are gone: ‘disposable’ decorations for Halloween, Thanksgiving and Christmas, tape, wrapping paper, Christmas cards, napkins, small gifts for teachers, etc. This is often your cheapest source for these items and they will often sell out quickly.

6. Decide which if any service projects or charity collections you can participate in. You will probably receive multiple requests for canned goods, mittens, scarves or whatever between November 1 and December 31. Decide now what you can afford to give and where your efforts and time are best applied.

7. Look at your calendar now and begin putting in all of the holiday activities available. As a family, decide what you will participate in. Remember to leave time for being together.

8. Decide which holidays you will spend where. With large extended families, it is often the case that you are pulled in a multitude of directions. If your family wants you to bring the new baby home for the holidays and your budget is tight, don’t hesitate to explain this fact of life to your family. Perhaps everyone that wants to cuddle Junior on Christmas Eve would pitch in for airline tickets. Whatever you decide to do, make certain it is what you can handle emotionally, spiritually and financially.

9. Shop early and shop smart. Keep a list of who you are buying for and what you have already purchased. A small spiral notebook works well as does a simple 3×5 card. As you purchase a gift, mark it off your list.  Staying out of the stores close to any holiday will save you time, money and frustration!

10. Wrap everything you can early and store where you can find it. I routinely misplace gifts—it has become nearly a family tradition to hunt for the missing gifts, so try to designate one hiding place or at least make a list of where you put what.  Not all families would be as entertained as mine by ‘Gift Hunt’.

11. Maintain a sense of humor and a sense of perspective.

12. Purchase or make Halloween costumes early. Get your treats for trick or treaters purchased early and then hide them from your family members.

13. Make menus for not only the holiday meals you will be hosting but those you will be attending that require you to bring food. It is amazing how many potluck dinners crop up between Nov. 1 and Jan 1. If you can make some of those dishes ahead of time and freeze them, your life will be less chaotic. Shop for shelf stable ingredients NOW or as they go on sale.  Write out menus and prepare a shopping list now!  Mark off items as you purchase them.  It can be helpful to separate items specifically for a certain meal, bag them up and label them accordingly.

14. While you are freezing things for potlucks, make extra for your family. When things get hectic, you’ll have dinner in the freezer. Disposable pans lighten the clean up time. Keep a list of what you have on hand.

15. Purchase some disposable dishes and flatware to use for hectic days.

16. If you have multiple holiday events to attend, consider what you need for your wardrobe and/or your family’s holiday events.  Shop in your closet first, then branch out to other family members and friends.  Maybe your best friend can loan you that fancy outfit or accessories.  If you have to shop, do so early so that you can bargain shop without pressure.

17. Bake ahead and freeze! Wrap items tightly, label and add to your list of available items.

18. Practice saying no if this is a problem for you. Say no to the mirror.  Say no to yourself!

19. If you have young children, consider turning off regular TV program loaded with commercials that will drive their ‘wish list’ crazy. Substitute videos and DVD’s of their favorite shows. The public libraries are great resources!

20.  In all things, think safety!  Fatigue, busyness, even happy laughter can easily distract us and lead to accidents.  Don’t relax the rules about buckling up, no matter how many friends want to go with you to that holiday concert.  Don’t forget to be certain your smoke detectors are working.  Don’t overload electrical outlets or leave candles burning unattended!  Keep breakable or dangerous ornaments out of reach for young children and pets.  Lock up, secure your belongings, drive carefully and always be aware of your surroundings.  Predators are out there just hoping you’ll be too busy to notice them!

21. Try to always remember the true meaning of Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year’s, any holiday you celebrate between now & January 1st and focus on that meaning.  Enjoy all of the free community events together as a family or with good friends.  Play games together.  Make memories, not headaches.

Using ‘plastic’ money can be a great way to track expenses and consolidate your bill paying, but that plastic should come with a bit of a warning label. Credit card fraud is on the rise, as is the fraudulent use of checking accounts. Common sense and a healthy dose of forewarning are your best protections! Keep these pointers in mind and you will be spared the agony accompanying the all-too common crime of credit card fraud:

1. Don’t let your credit card out of your sight.

2. Shield your credit card number from onlookers. A new version of credit card thief is utilizing the cameras on cell phones to capture images of credit card numbers used by others in public settings such as stores.

3. Don’t process a credit card, debit card or check transaction with a clerk that is talking on the phone, particularly in a language you do not understand. This is one of the newest ways to steal your information!  Hold your card until the clerk is done or ask for the phone call to be terminated.  Better yet, shop at stores that allow you to retain custody of your card and swipe it yourself.

4. Never provide your credit card number or the cvi code on the back of the card to someone that calls you or emails you. A common scam is to inform you through a call or email that a problem has arisen with your account and they need to verify your information. NEVER utilize a link provided in an email to verify your personal information.

5. Never provide your credit card or other personal information on a website that is not a secure site.

6. Sign credit cards as soon as you receive them.

7. Shred all credit card applications you receive. Shred expired credit cards and any piece of paper with credit card information.

8. Never leave credit cards or receipts with your credit card information lying around.  Shred them!

9. In a secure place, keep a copy of all your credit cards and numbers with the phone numbers for customer service.

10. Check your monthly statements carefully. IMMEDIATELY report any charges that appear fraudulent.

11. If you even suspect that your credit card has been out of your control for any length of time, call your credit card company. Their security department should quickly verify all activity on the card, close that account and issue new cards to you.

12. Carry only the number of credit cards that you absolutely need. When traveling, it is a good idea to carry a back up card in a location other than your wallet. When traveling with another family member, have them carry a different card than you. If one is lost, you still have one between the two of you to use until the lost one can be replaced.

13. Never sign a blank or partially filled in receipt. If there are lines for tips, etc, make certain you have filled them out appropriately and put a correct total on the bottom line.

14. Carbon paper receipts are rarely used. If you do happen across a merchant still using carbon paper, ask for the carbon and then destroy it.

15. It is often best to avoid writing checks at retail establishments or to merchants you do not know. With your routing number and checking account number it is quite easy for thieves to tap into your bank account.

16. Be particularly careful with debit cards. Most debit cards do not have the same level of protection that a credit card does.

17. Periodically, get a copy of your credit bureau report. You are entitled to a yearly free copy.

18. Ask to have passwords placed on all of your accounts. This password will be required to make any changes to your account and protect you from the address being changed without you knowing it.

19. Never lend your credit card to someone else.

20. Notify your credit card in advance of any change in your address or phone numbers.  If you do not move often, periodically check to make certain that your credit card company has your correct address and phone number.  This is particularly true if you rely on electronic statements.

21. Some credit card issuers will refuse charges from little known internet sellers or unusual spending patterns. If you are planning to make a sizable purchase on a card that you do not use often for that sort of purchase, contact your credit card company in advance.

22. Before traveling overseas, ask your credit card issuer what their charges for currency exchange are as well as your protection should your card be used fraudulently outside the U.S.

23. If your credit card is lost, IMMEDIATELY contact the provider of the card. According to federal law, you are not responsible for any charges made after you have notified the issuer of the card. (This may not apply to debit cards!) Your maximum liability according to U.S. law is $50 per credit card and some issuers will waive that for good customers.

Following these guidelines will go a long way in preventing the headaches and potential of identity theft associated with check, debit card and credit card fraud.

The concept of being prepared daily is to prepare today for not matter what tomorrow brings. This process of living often includes the concept of visualizing “What-If this..or that…happens?” We can never visualize all possibilities, but being prepared will allow us to face challenges and overcome them! Although it is important to prepare with commodities such as food, water, sanitary needs, etc, it is also critical that we become ‘paper prepared.’ Everyone has accounts, statements, certificates and other items that we may need to refer to at a moment’s notice. This may be nothing more serious than needing to call the cable company because our TV isn’t receiving a signal. Or it may be as serious as a mandatory evacuation or the death of a loved one.

No matter the scenario, having our ‘paper’ world organized is critical to achieving a state of daily preparedness. The first, and probably one of the most vital, steps in becoming ‘paper prepared’ is to organize and maintain a ‘What-If’ Notebook.

A ‘What-If’ Notebook houses copies of all of the information you need to have at your finger tips. And completing it is really easy! Just follow this simple ‘recipe’:

Ingredients:

A 3-ring notebook marked on binding with the words “What IF?”

Some page protectors

Access to a photocopy machine

Blank pieces of paper

Pen

Gather the following documents and place in notebook with page protectors, which will protect the pages and make them easier to access and allow you to quickly add items as you receive them. Your notebook should contain these documents:

1. Important ‘certificates’—birth, death, marriage, diploma, divorce papers, titles, Social Security statements, disability, custody agreements

2. Insurance policies—at least front page of each. You can also simply add a bill for the insurance, so long as the statement includes policy number, contact information for the insurance company and type of insurance.

3. Location of will or trust papers. Contact information for trustee or attorney.

4. As bills come in, simply photocopy each of the following and place in notebook (or place an original bill): insurance, utilities, phone, credit cards, mortgage, loans, cable, ‘easy pass’, anything you or someone else might have to shut off, change or refer to.

5. Driver’s license and other important IDs, including passport. Photocopy in B&W at a different size than normal.

6. Names (and relationship), addresses, phone numbers, email addresses of close friends and relatives. . (a friend told me that after they went through a hurricane, she couldn’t remember her own mother’s phone number!)

7. Letter authorizing a trusted relative to discuss your medical care with a healthcare professional.

8. Advanced directive for medical care. Have this notarized!

9. Names & contact information for doctors.

10. Prescription drugs, including dosage, pharmacy & physician. You can ask your pharmacist to print this information out for you. Slip a small photocopy of this into your wallet!

11. Important medical history and allergy information.

12. Who should be contacted in case of an emergency13. Name, phone, address, and email of out-of-state contact persons.

14. Inventory of household goods, especially valuables.

15. Blank paper & pencil

16. Anything else you think you might need to refer to if your entire home were lost, you had to evacuate or face a life-altering change.

As you work on this notebook, keep it in one location. Near where you pay your bills is a great location as you can easily slip in statements and bills as they arrive. Make a note of the location of your notebook and attach the note to your 72-hour kit. That way, you will know where it is and grab it should you have to evacuate. Also let your grown children or other trusted family member know where you keep the notebook.

Your ‘What-If’ Notebook is a recipe for paper preparedness that will make your everyday ‘normal’ life easier, less stressful and more organized!